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The quantitative understanding of glacial ice melting into the ocean is one of the most outstanding challenges in environmental fluid dynamics. The lack of understanding is on a fundamental level, due to the highly complex multi-scale, multi-physics nature of the problem. The process involves intricate multi- way coupling effects, including thermal convection, salinity, ocean current, and radiation, etc. As ice melts into the surrounding salty water, a decrease in local salt concentration leads to reduced water density, inducing upward buoyant forces and, consequently, upward flow.   mehr...

Quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems efficiently. However, to unleash their full potential, complex quantum systems have to be manufactured, manipulated and measured with unprecedented accuracy and precision.   mehr...